Electrical conductivity and electrical resistivity κ or σ = 1/ρ
Electrical conductance and electrical resistance
ρ = 1/κ = 1/σ

Electrical
conductor
Electrical conductivity
Electrical conductance
Electrical resistivity
Specific resistance
silverσ = 62 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0161 Ohmmm²/m
copperσ = 58 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0172 Ohmmm²/m
goldσ= 41 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0244 Ohmmm²/m
aluminiumσ = 36 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.0277 Ohmmm²/m
constantanσ= 2.0 S·m/mm²ρ = 0.5000 Ohmmm²/m

Difference between electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity

The conductance in siemens is the reciprocal of the resistance in ohms.

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the sign.

The value of the electrical conductivity (conductance) and the specific electrical resistance
(resistivity) is a temperature dependent material constant. Mostly it is given at 20 or 25°C.

Resistance = resistivity x length / area

The specific resistivity of conductors changes with temperature.
In a limited temperature range it is approximately linear:
where α is the temperature coefficient, T is the temperature and T0 is any temperature,
such as T0 = 293.15 K = 20°C at which the electrical resistivity ρ (T0) is known.

Convert resistance to electrical conductance
Conversion of reciprocal siemens to ohms
1 ohm [Ω] = 1 / siemens [1/S]
1 siemens [S] = 1 / ohm [1/Ω]

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the sign.

1 millisiemens = 0.001 mho = 1000 ohms

Mathematically, conductance is the reciprocal, or inverse, of resistance:
The symbol for conductance is the capital letter 'G' and the unit is the
mho, which is 'ohm' spelled backwards. Later, the unit mho was
replaced by the unit Siemens − abbreviated with the letter 'S'.

Table of typical loudspeaker cables

Cable diameter d0.798 mm0.977 mm1.128 mm1.382 mm1.784 mm2.257 mm2.764 mm3.568 mm
Cable nominal cross section A0.5 mm20.75 mm21.0 mm21.5 mm22.5 mm24.0 mm26.0 mm210.0 mm2
Maximum electrical current3 A 7.6 A 10.4 A 13.5 A 18.3 A 25 A 32 A -

Always consider, the cross section must be made larger with higher power and higher length of
the cable, but also with lesser impedance. Here is a table to tell the possible power loss
.

Cable length
in m
Section
in mm2
Resistance
in ohm
Power loss at Damping factor at
Impedance
8 ohm
Impedance
4 ohm
Impedance
8 ohm
Impedance
4 ohm
10.750.0420.53%1.05%9849
1.500.0210.31%0.63%12362
2.500.0130.16%0.33%15175
4.000.0080.10%0.20%16783
20.750.0841.06%2.10%6533
1.500.0420.62%1.26%8543
2.500.0260.32%0.66%11356
4.000.0160.20%0.40%13366
50.750.2102.63%5.25%3216
1.500.1251.56%3.13%4824
2.500.0650.81%1.63%7638
4.000.0400.50%1.00%10050
100.750.4205.25%10.50%179
1.500.2503.13%6.25%2814
2.500.1301.63%3.25%4724
4.000.0801.00%2.00%6733
200.750.84010.50%21.00%95
1.500.5006.25%12.50%157
2.500.2603.25%6.50%2713
4.000.1602.00%4.00%4020

The damping factor values show, what remains of an accepted damping factor of 200
depending on the cable length, the cross section, and the impedance of the loudspeaker.

Conversion and calculation of cable diameter to AWG
and AWG to cable diameter in mm - American Wire Gauge

The gauges we most commonly use are even numbers, such as 18, 16, 14, etc.
If you get an answer that is odd, such as 17, 19, etc., use the next lower even number.

AWG stands for American Wire Gauge and refers to the strength of wires.
These AWG numbers show the diameter and accordingly the cross section as a code.
They are only used in the USA. Sometimes you find AWG numbers also in catalogues
and technical data in Europe.

American Wire Gauge - AWG Chart

AWG
number
46454443424140393837363534
Diameter
in inch
0.00160.00180.00200.00220.00240.00270.00310.00350.00400.00450.00500.00560.0063
Diameter (Ø)
in mm
0.040.050.050.060.060.070.080.090.100.110.130.140.16
Cross section
in mm2
0.00130.00160.00200.00250.00290.00370.00490.00620.00810.010 0.013 0.016 0.020

AWG
number
33323130292827262524232221
Diameter
in inch
0.00710.00790.00890.01000.01130.01260.01420.01590.01790.02010.02260.02530.0285
Diameter (Ø)
in mm
0.180.200.230.250.290.320.360.400.450.510.570.640.72
Cross section
in mm2
0.0260.0320.0400.0510.0650.0800.100.130.160.200.260.320.41

AWG
number
201918171615141312111098
Diameter
in inch
0.03190.03590.04030.04530.05080.05710.06410.07190.08080.09070.10190.11440.1285
Diameter (Ø)
in mm
0.810.911.021.151.291.451.631.832.052.302.592.913.26
Cross section
in mm2
0.520.650.821.01.31.72.12.63.34.25.36.68.4

AWG
number
76543210
(1/0)
(0)
00
(2/0)
(-1)
000
(3/0)
(-2)
0000
(4/0)
(-3)
00000
(5/0)
(-4)
000000
(6/0)
(-5)
Diameter
in inch
0.14430.16200.18190.20430.22940.25760.28930.32490.36480.40960.46000.51650.5800
Diameter (Ø)
in mm
3.674.114.625.195.836.547.358.259.2710.4011.6813.1314.73
Cross section
in mm2
10.613.316.821.126.733.642.453.567.485.0107.2135.2170.5

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